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Colorado History – Feb. 29, 2012 – Leap Year has bizarre origins

By Rosemary Fetter

Leap Year holds certain advantages for some folks. Every four years, an extra day is tacked on to the calendar, allowing people born Feb. 29 to take years off their lives without Botox or plastic surgery. Employers who pay by the month find it a boon, and ski resorts tend also to benefit. Leap Year enriches the economy by 1/365, which is a real plus these days.

The history of Leap Year is complicated, dating back to the Roman Empire. By the time Emperor Julius Caesar took charge, the calendar had drifted so far out of balance that January fell in the middle of autumn. Naturally, this left people in constant confusion about when to take out their winter togas. The problem was partly political. Apparently, the high priest in charge of the calendar took bribes to lengthen the terms of certain officials while shortening others.

Since the earth travels around the sun every 365.24219 days, Caesar adjusted the calendar by adding an extra day every four years. The new calendar went into effect Jan. 1, 709 A.U.C. (from the founding
of Rome), or Jan. 1, 45 B.C. The Roman Senate renamed the fifth month of the year, which had been Quintillis, in Caesar’s honor, changing it to July. Unfortunately, Caesar’s day (or, in this case, month) in the sun was over in a year, and members of the same ungrateful Senate murdered him in 46 B.C.  Not to be outdone, Caesar’s grandnephew, Augustus, also decreed that a month should bear his name. Since Sextillus (a.k.a. August) had only 30 days, the Senate shortened February from its original 29 to 28 days in a regular calendar year and added the extra day to August, giving it 31 days like July. Other Roman emperors who tried the same thing met with resistance, but for a time, May was renamed Claudius and April, Neronius, after the wicked Emperor Nero. Had Shakespeare written, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of Claudius,” or “Neronius showers bring Claudius flowers,” his career might have been much shorter.

In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII realized that a leap year every four years would eventually have Christians celebrating Easter in the middle of December. To put everything back in sync, he added another wrinkle to the time fabric, decreeing that a leap year must be divisible by 400, making 1600 and 2000 leap years and 1700, 1800 and 1900 regular years, thus making up for the 11 minutes subtracted from the 365.25 year and getting the calendar back down to 365.24 days.  The next non-Leap Year catch-up will be in 2100, 88 years from now.

So what does this mean for the leap year baby? During ordinary years, do they celebrate on Feb. 28 or March 1? Some simply refuse to quibble and just party for two days, thus having their birthday cake and eating it, too. In England and Wales, Feb. 28 is the legal birthday of a “leapling.” In other countries, things are less clear-cut. The odds against having a Feb. 29 birthday are 1,461 to 1, with approximately 10,000 – 11,000 Leap Year babies born in the United States alone every year.

Leap Year has its own traditions, including a marriage loophole. In less enlightened times, men always proposed marriage, never a woman. According to legend, in fifth century Ireland, St. Brigid of Kildare pleaded successfully with St. Patrick to give women the right to propose once every seven years.  Scotland’s Queen Margaret in 1288 supposedly passed a law in levying a fine if a man refused a proposal, a light penalty that ranged from a kiss to a silk gown. Men apparently balked at this outrage, insisting that the time frame be reduced from every seven years to four years, or every leap year.

Scotch, Irish and Scots-Irish immigrants kept the marriage proposal tradition alive in the United States, and every leap year (before the 1970s, at least) the newspapers would make some joke about it. A cartoon on the front page of the Denver Post in 1908 shows William Jennings Bryan dressed as an unattractive maiden begging a hesitant Democratic party for the presidential nomination. (He eventually won the nomination but lost the election.)

In 1938, cartoonist Al Cap gave new life to the myth when he created Sadie Hawkins Day in the comic strip Li’l Abner. According to the story, the mayor of Dogpatch was so desperate to marry off his unattractive daughter that, on Sadie Hawkins Day, all unmarried men would get a 10-minute head start before Sadie and the town’s other unmarried women chased after them. Any man who couldn’t do a 5K could look forward to a “shotgun” wedding.

In other strange leap year twists, the town of Anthony, in western Texas, became the leap year capital of the world in 1988, when residents/leaplings Mary Ann Brown and Birdie Lewis proposed the idea of a Leap Year Festival as a way to promote the farming community. The celebration has since morphed into a two day festival, with “29ers” from around the world joining the party, which includes a chuck wagon breakfast, hot air balloon launch, craft show, carnival, concerts, a parade and, of course, a large birthday cake. Leaplings who can’t make it to Texas can always join the Worldwide Leap Year Birthday Club established by Brown, or the Honor Society of Leap Year Babies, founded in 1997.

For this year’s celebrants, several websites, including www.greetingcarduniverse.com, www.zazzle.com, and www.leapyearday.com, offer birthday cards especially for the occasion. Not surprisingly, many of them feature ballerinas, dolphins or cute little frogs and messages like, “Jump for Joy.”

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