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Colorado’s railroad network hesitates & grows

Added by editorial on November 20, 2012.
Saved under Colorado History, Western Footprints

The attention of several railroads became focused on the coal deposits in southern Colorado in and around Trinidad and the smelters in Pueblo. The coal found in this region was bituminous coal that “coked” well in a coke oven such as this one. Photo courtesy of Thaddeus Roan

In the early days of American railroads, the roads were directed toward already existing towns. As the western railroads, such as the Union Pacific, made their way across the country, they created new towns along the tracks. Another change took place when mining discoveries created the need for smaller railroads and feeder lines to reach the mineral sources and the mills and smelters.

The Colorado Central was the first Colorado railroad to build into the Rocky Mountains, and it reached the mining town of Black Hawk in 1872. The CCRR next planned to go up the southern branch of Clear Creek to the town of Idaho Springs, but that goal would not be reached until 1877 because of the financial slow down created by the 1873 Silver Panic caused in part by the Coinage Act signed by President Grant.

As a matter of fact, in 1873 railroads across the country and other projects requiring capital were failing by the droves because of the Silver Panic of 1873. More than 100 railroads had failed nationally by 1874. Most railroads that did not entirely fail were held up for a number of years.

Then from 1871 until early in 1873 there was capital available for expansion. The road being graded by the Colorado Central RR between Golden and Julesburg, which would connect Golden to Cheyenne, had caused much excitement for the people in Sterling and Julesburg and elsewhere along the projected line. It would connect them to the UP mainline in Julesburg and to Golden. Before the rails were laid, the hopes of these communities were dashed, first because of the Silver Panic but then, after years of waiting, the CCRR was finally granted a right-of-way from Golden to Cheyenne. The CCRR’s interests shifted to that more direct route.

In the middle of the snarly tangle of railroad lines in Colorado in the early 1870s was Oliver Ames (brother of my great-great-great grandfather Oakes Ames). He was vice-president of the CCRR, a director and major stockholder in the UP (after giving up the presidency in 1871), a director of the Denver Pacific and a director of the KP.

The attention of several railroads became focused on the coal deposits in southern Colorado in and around Trinidad and the smelters in Pueblo. The coal found in this region was bituminous coal that “coked” well. It could be heated in a coke oven to produce a fuel that could burn twice as hot as the original coal. One major use for the hotter burning coke was in the production of steel. Pueblo had the smelters and coal and Trinidad had the coal and coke ovens.

Lined up to get to Pueblo were:

1) The Denver and Rio Grande RR which reached the town on June 15, 1872

2) The Arkansas Valley RR, a branch of the Kansas Pacific starting from their mainline in 1872 at Kit Carson and aiming for Los Animas on the way to Pueblo. They got as far as Las Animas by 1873 and the panic held them up. They applied for a bond to build to Pueblo but did not receive it.

3) The Atchinson, Topeka and Santa Fe reached the Colorado Border from Topeka on Dec. 28,1872. It was held up by 1873 panic and finally reached Los Animas in 1875. It obtained a bond from Pueblo and reached there in 1876.

At this point, having missed out on Pueblo, the KP and its Arkansas Valley RR started pushing harder to reach Trinidad.

Oliver Ames’ diary reflects this:

• Saturday, May 27,1876, Perry here to talk up necessity of extending our Road to Trinidad makes out a good case and I agreed if he would get (Jay) Gould to put in 200,000$ I would put in 100,000$

• Monday, June 5, 1876, Letter from Perry on 40,000$ and extension of road to Trinidad

• Saturday, July 15, 1876, Adolphus Mier here today to see what can be done about raising money to build road to Trinidad. Is confident that it will pay largely – I agreed to 150,000$ for them.

Oliver Ames’ cash accounts mention bonds and loans, connected with the Arkansas Valley RR, in large amounts.

Once again, the Arkansas Valley RR was to lose to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe. The ATSF got bonds from Trinidad and reached there in 1878. In 1879 at the end of the six-year depression that began in 1873, they secured the coveted right-of-way over Raton Pass to the southwest.

The Arkansas Valley RR was left high and dry. They stopped running trains on the line in October 1877, but, out of consideration to the cattlemen who had been using their line, they reopened to run daily trains for a short time until the cattle were moved.  In 1877, the KP abandoned their line making it the first line to be abandoned in Colorado and, at only five years, one of the shortest-lived lines in the country.

Next – back to the Colorado Central in the mountains, Idaho Springs and Georgetown.

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4 Responses to Colorado’s railroad network hesitates & grows

  1. Jeannie Alvin November 24, 2012 at 6:36 pm

    Fun and interesting to read! This is the behind-the-scenes look at history that we don’t find in history books!

  2. Ken Olsen November 24, 2012 at 8:18 pm

    Always enjoy reading about the history of RR’s. The behind the scenes bickering between competitors, government and within the ranks of any RR makes one wonder how they were ever able to build a road. They ultimately did and in doing made this the greatest industrial nation in the world.

  3. Caroline McCoy November 25, 2012 at 3:24 am

    Amazing, girl, that you can keep publishing timely, interesting well-researched facts, and just plain good reads. I bet you cooked a Thanksgiving meal too!

  4. Bill Ames November 25, 2012 at 12:33 pm

    Another great post!

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