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Gemstones & Minerals – May birthstone: Emerald

Added by editorial on May 15, 2012.
Saved under Entertainment & Events

The green beauty of the emerald, the birthstone for May, has enchanted mankind throughout the ages. The jewel symbolizes the beauty and promise of nature in the spring of each year, and also represents faith, kindness and goodness. Long ago, the emerald was dedicated to the goddess, Venus, and lovers were told it was endowed with the power of revealing faithfulness of a beloved. An old poem states:

Emerald crystal

“It is a gem that hath the power to show

If plighted lovers keep their troth or no.

If faithful, it is like the leaves of Spring,

If unfaithful, like those leaves withering.”

Emerald is the most valuable member of the beryl family. The name beryl (pronounced bare-ill, not burl) evolved from the Greek through the Latin “beryllus,” the meaning of which is uncertain. Emerald, a derivative of an ancient Persian word and from the Latin “smaragdus,” has waded through such corruptions as “esmeraude, “emeraude” and “esmeralde.” The current spelling didn’t become part of the English language until the 16th century.

Ancient and primitive man told marvelous tales of this gem, whose beauty was a miracle to him. Pliny the Elder, that learned Roman scholar whose observations of the beauties and wonders of nature are so often quoted today, once gave this reverent appraisal of the emerald: “Indeed, no stone has a color that is more delightful to the eye, for, whereas, the sight fixes itself with avidity upon the green grass and the foliage of the trees, we have all the more pleasure in looking upon the emerald, there being no green in existence more intense than this. And then, besides, of all precious stones, this is the only one that feeds the sight without satiating it. Neither sunshine, shade nor artificial light effects any change in its appearance; it has always a softened and graduated brilliancy.”

The Romans took a serious medical view of emerald’s pleasing qualities on the eye. The emperor, Nero, was accustomed to “refreshing and restoring his vision” by viewing the heat and violence of the gladiatorial shows through the cool clarity of a fine emerald.

Emerald

The first emerald mines of recorded history were those in upper Egypt, the famous “Cleopatra mines.” The location of these mines was lost, probably during one of the many times that Egypt was overrun by conquerors from other lands. The location was not rediscovered until 1818, when the Viceroy of Egypt sent a French scientist, Cailliaud, in search of them. It is believed that the stones, so revered by the people of the later Roman civilization, came from this source.

A surprising variety of virtues have been ascribed to the emerald. The ancients gave it a supernatural ability to foretell future events. It was thought to strengthen the owner’s memory and his eloquence and to quicken his intelligence, thus producing a higher degree of honesty. The emerald was believed to make the wearer more economical and, therefore, more likely to became wealthy. As a preventive against ills, the woman who wore an emerald was believed to be immune from epilepsy and other serious disorders.

The Romans did believe the gems “ripened.” In describing a stone that was half emerald and half some other mineral, Pliny referred to the other mineral as gradually turning into emerald and considered the stone “unripe.” This myth was a natural outgrowth to the age-old belief that precious stones actually lived, supported by the idea that tropical heat was essential for the full development of their beauty.

A number of unusual carved emeralds are in existence. One of these is a 2,680-carat jar cut in 1642 for the Hapsburg family. Another example is a large drinking cup, now in the American Museum of Natural History, once belonging to the Emperor, Jehangir. A 900-carat carving, referred to as an “emerald mountain,” was sold in New York City in the 1950s. Probably the most famous single piece of emerald-set in the world is the Crown of the Andes, which includes the Atahualipa emerald, a 45-carat stone named after the last Inca of Peru. Created in 1593, the Crown of the Andes contains 453 stones, weighing a total of 1521 carats.

Since 1946, synthetic emeralds have been made in the United States. They fluoresce deep red in ultraviolet light, whereas, natural emeralds do not fluoresce at all.

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