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Western Footprints – The race to Cheyenne

Added by editorial on July 18, 2012.
Saved under Colorado History, Western Footprints

16th Street in Cheyenne, c. 1867. Photo courtesy of the Cheyenne Frontier Days Old West Museum Archives

Among things that precipitated the race for Cheyenne were the 1859 discovery of gold and silver in the Rockies, especially along Clear Creek, which was followed by the development of the mining industry and towns in that region. Next came the beginning of the transcontinental railroad, which became official with Lincoln’s signing of the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 (this year is the 150th anniversary of that event).

W.A.H. Loveland

In 1865, the route of the Union Pacific Railroad over the Rockies had not been determined. W.A.H. Loveland, an enthusiastic resident of Golden, had big dreams for that city, including running the transcontinental railroad through his Golden City. As early as 1861, he headed up a railroad survey from Golden up to Central City and Black Hawk. Also in 1861, Loveland’s friend Edward L. Berthoud had discovered a pass over the Continental Divide while on an exploration with Jim Bridger. Berthoud, a surveyor, felt it would be suitable for a wagon road but not for a railroad over the pass to Middle Park and on to the Pacific.

In 1865, Nathaniel P. Hill, having done much research on the subject in England, started a smelter operation in Black Hawk. Colorado’s sluggish mining economy needed this boost. That same year, Loveland, despite Berthoud’s opinion, approached the UP about directing the line through Golden. The encouragement of the UP led him to organize the Colorado and Clear Creek Railroad Co. with eight backers from Colorado and 14 from the East.

Union Pacific Railroad President Oliver Ames

The backing of eastern capitalists was essential to the western economy at this time. For one thing, placer gold, the surface ore that was easiest to access was disappearing fast. This necessitated hard rock mining, which was far more costly. Add to that the many other costs of building this new country, such as developing roads and stage lines, grading, laying track, purchasing rolling stock for railroads, and a myriad of other expenses. One might say that the West was developed by the grit of the people who moved here and the financial backing of investors in the East. Each side took a different kind of risk.

Back to the Colorado and Clear Creek RR – they were now able to raise funds by issuing capital stock that municipalities and counties could subscribe to and pay for in bonds. The railroad could build their line up Clear Creek as far as Empire City and to the northwest as far as the Cache la Poudre River. Loveland paid for a thorough job of surveying and then headed east again to seek more funding. Disappointed in this, he had to approach the Union Pacific again. The Union Pacific took the stance of more control for more help. It would not provide money but would provide track and cars and engines. In truth, they were limited by their charter in how much they could do. They could not own the CCCRR but it remained a thinly disguised subsidiary of the Union Pacific, and thus began a more than 10-year battle for control of the little railroad, which did not at this point exist except in intent.

Edward L. Berthoud

In 1866, the name of the railroad was changed to the Colorado Central and Pacific, reflecting their thoughts of crossing Berthoud Pass and continuing on to the Pacific. (It would be an interesting study to see how many railroads with Pacific in their names and as their intended destination ever actually made it to the Pacific.) The big blow to the supporters of the Colorado Central and Pacific came in August 1866 when UP Chief Engineer Gen. Grenville Dodge came to look over Colorado’s proposed route and announced he found Wyoming’s route the best. This completely dashed the dreams of Loveland and the Territory of Colorado.

In 1867, Oliver Ames (my Great Great Great Great uncle), then President of the Union Pacific Railroad, took two trips from Massachusetts to look over the line. As of Jan. 17, 1867, getting to Council Bluffs to cross the river to Omaha would have become much easier with the completion of the Chicago and North Western RR, the first to be completed across the state of Iowa. Ames’ diary tells of a trip in April when the End of the Track was just 17 miles west of North Platte, Neb. When he returned west again in late October, the End of the Track had moved on to Hillsdale (Wyoming Territory in 1868). Hillsdale was about 25 miles east of Cheyenne, and Ames describes arriving by train in Hillsdale and leaving “in Team” to continue to Cheyenne. After a trip to Dale Creek, he returned briefly to Cheyenne on Nov. 2 where he observed the bridge going over Crow Creek and commented that the town of Cheyenne was “growing rapidly.”

The plans of the Colorado Central and Pacific to build up Clear Creek Canyon to the mining towns remained intact, but first they wanted to connect Golden with the Union Pacific in Cheyenne to complete the route for shipping the product of the mines to other markets. In June 1867, the Union Pacific signed an agreement to support the project, again by supplying rolling stock and rails. Plans were for Denver to have only a branch to Golden and nothing to Cheyenne.

Denver was not going to stand for this.

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One Response to Western Footprints – The race to Cheyenne

  1. Marie Grossman July 24, 2012 at 4:44 pm

    So nice to read about the History. Because of knowing the towns, made it very interesting.

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